IEEE Trans Neural Syst Rehabil Eng 14:225–229 Trejo LJ, Rosipal R, Matthews B (2006) Brain–computer interfaces for 1-D and 2-D cursor control: designs using volitional control of the EEG spectrum or steady-state visual evoked potentials. ![]() Lotte F, Congedo M, L´ecuyer A, Lamarche F, Arnaldi B (2007) A review of classification algorithms for EEG-based brain–computer interfaces. Biomed Opt Express 6(10):4063–4078īashashati A, Fatourechi M, Ward RK, Birch GE (2007) A survey of signal processing algorithms in brain–computer interfaces based on electrical brain signals. Khan MJ, Hong KS (2015) Passive BCI based on drowsiness detection: an fNIRS study. Vidal JJ (1973) Toward direct brain–computer communication. Nature 398:297–298Ĭhapin JK, Moxon KA, Markowitz RS, Nicolelis MA (1999) Real-time control of a robot arm using simultaneously recorded neurons in the motor cortex. Front Hum Neurosci 12:246īirbaumer N, Ghanayim N, Hinterberger T, Iversen I, Kotchoubey B, Kubler A, Perelmouter J, Taub E, Flor H (1999) A spelling device for the paralysed. ![]() Hong KS, Khan MJ, Hong MJ (2018) Feature extraction and classification methods for hybrid fNIRS-EEG brain–computer interfaces. Min BK, Marzelli MJ, Yoo SS (2010) Neuroimaging-based approaches in brain–computer interface. IEEE Trans Neural Netw Learn Syst 22(9):1320–1328 Sitaram R, Caria A, Birbaumer N (2009) Hemodynamic brain–computer interfaces for communication and rehabilitation. Clin Neurophysiol 117(3):479–483īirbaumer N, Cohen LG (2007) Brain computer interfaces: communication and restoration of movement in paralysis. Front Hum Neurosci 9:3īirbaumer N (2006) Brain computer-interface research: coming of age. Naseer N, Hong KS (2015) fNIRS-based brain–computer interfaces: a review. Nicolas-Alonso LF, Gomez-Gil J (2012) Brain–computer interfaces, a review. Assist Technol 25(2):99–110Įddy BS, Garrett SC, Rajen S, Peters B, Wiedrick J, McLaughlin D, O’Connor A, Renda A, Huggins JE, Fried-Oken M (2019) Trends in research participant categories and descriptions in abstracts from the international BCI meeting series, 1999 to 2016. Brain Comput Interface 6(1–2):13–24 ![]() Moghimi S, Kushki A, Marie Guerguerian A, Chau T (2013) A review of EEG-based brain–computer interfaces as access pathways for individuals with severe disabilities. Wolpaw JR, Birbaumer N, McFarland D, Pfurtscheller G, Vaughan TM (2002) Brain–computer interfaces for communication and control. Finally, we propose a feedback control concept for the human brain, in which fNIRS, electroencephalography, and functional magnetic resonance imaging are considered sensors and stimulation techniques are considered actuators in brain therapy. Third, current trends in fNIRS in combination with other imaging modalities are summarized. Second, recent developments, applications, and challenges faced by fNIRS-based BMIs are outlined. In this review, first, the existing methods of fNIRS signal processing for decoding brain commands for BMI purposes are reviewed. Recently, there has been a surge of studies with fNIRS for the acquisition, decoding, and regulation of hemodynamic signals to investigate their behavioral consequences for the implementation of brain–machine interfaces (BMI). fNIRS is an emerging brain imaging technique that measures brain activity by means of near-infrared light of 600–1000 nm wavelengths. But soon Heinrich and the siblings must defend the farm against troops who come looking for plunder.Functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) is a noninvasive method for acquiring hemodynamic signals from the brain with advantages of portability, affordability, low susceptibility to noise, and moderate temporal resolution that serves as a plausible solution to real-time imaging. Paule has an unspecified learning disability, and Elsa has managed to shield him from being sent to the death camps like so many “defective” people were under the Nazis. He’s cut down from the tree by plucky farmer’s daughter Elsa (Marie Hacke), who is protecting her homestead as well as her brother Paule (Simon Rupp). But, counter to the German stereotype of ruthless efficiency, the troops just drive off and leave him to die instead without making sure the job is finished. ![]() It starts with Heinrich (Robert Maaser), a lowly private in a small platoon about to be hanged for desertion because he’s disgusted by his side’s actions and just wants to go home and find his kid. Per the title, there’s indeed a lot of blood. (A sauerkraut or currywurst western?) Director Peter Thorwarth strives for that same pulpy-elegiac blend that made the films by Sergios Leone and Corbucci, Franco Nero and all the rest so compelling and repellent, with their squelchy violence and operatic conflict. T his Netflix-backed action-driven story is effectively a spaghetti western that just happens to unfold in Germany in the last days of the second world war.
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